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> 1. Who is/was the Ayatollah Khomeini?
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A leader of some sort.

> 2. Is there a difference between the Republic of China and the Peoples' Republic of China? If so, what is it?
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Yes: "Peoples'". Serious answer: I don't know.

> 3. Is paganism a religion? If so, why? If not, why not?
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No. The definition of paganism, which seems to include atheism (if that's the same as having no religion), makes it too broad of a term.

> 4. Was the Setpember 11, 2001, terrorist attack on the United States (committed by the Arab terrorist group Al Qaeda) a response to the United States' pro-Israel Middle East policy? If so, why? If not, why not?
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The U.S. foreign policy was probably an important factor, but also probably not the only factor.

> 5. What is the meaning of life?

The meaning (purpose) of life is twofold: (1) to make fun of people who answer "42" to this question; (2) to take off every Zig.

Serious answers: the purpose of life, depending on how you think of it, can be: (1) to be born, do some stuff, and then die; (2) to survive long enough to reproduce and pass your genes down to the next generation; (3) to optimize some as-of-yet unknown personal utility function, perhaps defined as the expectation of the total integral (perhaps a Stiltjes integral) of utility as a function of time [although utility would be difficult to define precisely]; (4) to optimize a corresponding utility function which is the sum total utility of all living creatures in the universe; (5) possibly, to act according to the wishes of a divine creator [which, again, are probably impossible to determine]; (6) possibly, whatever one personally wishes it to be (thus allowing the purpose of life to vary from person to person); (7) possibly, a democratically determined purpose of life determined by majority vote, and subject to amendments indefinitely. Or, possibly, (8) the question is not well-defined.